Gender inequalities in violence against sexual minorities in Brazil: An analysis of associated factors

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze the factors associated with violence against Brazilian LGB+ population, stratified by sex. Using data from the 2019 National Health Survey, the prevalence was estimated and the proportions of characteristics related to subtypes of violence (psychological, physical, and sexual) were calculated for each sex. A multivariable model using Poisson regression with robust variance was then applied to assess the association between violence and socioeconomic and health-related factors, also stratified by sex. The prevalence of violence in the LGB+ population was high, reaching 42.51% among LGB+ women and 40.67% among LGB+ men. It was observed that most LGB+ women experienced psychological and physical violence within the home and that Black women had a 68% higher prevalence of violence compared to white women. Among LGB+ men, the highest percentage was for recurrence of psychological violence (63.89%), with significantly higher prevalence among younger individuals. In both sexes, violence was associated with negative self-rated health and a diagnosis of depression. The findings show that the violence experienced by the LGB+ population varies by sex, with different factors associated with exposure to violence among LGB+ women and men.