Unhealthy eating markers and associated factors among school adolescents in Montes Claros (MG)

Abstract

This article aims to analyze the consumption of unhealthy eating markers among school adolescents and explore their association with sociodemographic variables and health-related behaviors. This is a population-based cross-sectional study involving 1,616 students from public state schools in the municipality of Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, conducted between 2022 and 2023. Data collection was carried out using a self-administered individual questionnaire. After adjusted analysis, it was observed that among the unhealthy eating markers, salty ultra-processed industrialized foods (30.5%) and sweets (26.1%) were the most consumed. Female sex was associated with a higher regular consumption of these markers. Regular consumption of soft drinks was positively associated with the habit of eating meals in front of the TV or while studying (PR = 1.34), having breakfast (PR = 1.33), as well as family income (PR = 1.36). Smartphone use and dependence were associated with a higher consumption of salty ultra-processed industrialized foods (PR = 1.62) and sweets (PR = 1.69). It is inferred that the consumption of unhealthy foods among adolescents may be associated with social, economic, and cultural factors. Therefore, the adoption of healthy eating practices should be encouraged, given their beneficial effects on health.