Industry 4.0 in healthcare: Programming languages supporting medical training

Abstract

In recent decades, and especially in recent years, various forms of interaction between humans and machines have been developed. Therefore, understanding and becoming familiar with new technologies is essential. This study aimed to conduct an evidence-based literature review on the use of machine learning and computer programs applied to healthcare. The research included articles published between 2015 and 2025, addressing applications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in medicine, focusing on the incorporation of algorithms for clinical diagnosis and prognosis. Studies without full access or unrelated to technological professional training were excluded. After applying eligibility criteria, 42 articles were selected for full reading. The discussion was guided by three questions: (i) the development of programming for the medical field; (ii) the contributions of AI to the healthcare sector; and (iii) the most suitable programming language for medical applications. The results indicated the use of different languages according to the objectives of the projects, with Matlab standing out. In conclusion, although AI presents high potential in healthcare, its full integration requires the development of new skills to meet the demands of Industry 4.0.