Overweight and obesity: Time trend in the population residing in the city of Rio de Janeiro

Abstract

This is an ecological time-series study conducted between 2006 and 2021 using data from VIGITEL (Surveillance System of Risk and Protective Factors for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey). The objective was to analyze trends in overweight and obesity among adults (≥ 18 years) living in the city of Rio de Janeiro. For temporal analysis, the Prais-Winsten regression model was applied using STATA software, version 13. An increasing trend in the prevalence of overweight was observed across several groups, particularly among individuals aged 65 years or older (APC: 1.18%; 95%CI: 0.78–1.59), Black and Brown individuals (APC: 14.12%; 95%CI: 4.73–24.35), and those with higher education (APC: 2.87%; 95%CI: 2.18–3.57). Regarding obesity, a decreasing trend was observed in the 65 years or older age group (APC: –1.7%; 95%CI: –2.59–0.81) and an increasing trend among those with 12 years
or more of education (APC: 3.25%; 95%CI: 1.77–4.75), Black and Brown individuals (APC: 11.29%; 95%CI: 2.08–21.34), and single participants (APC: 2.60%; 95%CI: 1.36–3.86). The findings indicate that overweight and obesity remain significant public health challenges, highlighting the need for comprehensive health promotion strategies to reduce their prevalence and associated impacts